Citation Documentation

I need to provide references for datasets and associated resources.

Overview

Citations are used to provide information about citing the resource being described in the metadata or to refer to resources outside of the metadata record. These citations are an important part of the identification information and, as such, they are in a special location in the record. In addition, they can provide connection to relevant materials that can not be included in the metadata.

Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (CSDGM)

Structure

The CSDGM uses a standard "cite info" object for citations, see FGDC Citation for complete description.

<citation>
    <citeinfo>
        <origin>/fgdc:metadata/fgdc:idinfo/fgdc:citation/fgdc:citeinfo/fgdc:origin</origin>
        <pubdate>/fgdc:metadata/fgdc:idinfo/fgdc:citation/fgdc:citeinfo/fgdc:pubdate</pubdate>
        <pubtime>/fgdc:metadata/fgdc:idinfo/fgdc:citation/fgdc:citeinfo/fgdc:pubtime</pubtime>
        <title>/fgdc:metadata/fgdc:idinfo/fgdc:citation/fgdc:citeinfo/fgdc:title</title>
        <edition>/fgdc:metadata/fgdc:idinfo/fgdc:citation/fgdc:citeinfo/fgdc:edition</edition>
        <geoform>/fgdc:metadata/fgdc:idinfo/fgdc:citation/fgdc:citeinfo/fgdc:geoform</geoform>
        <serinfo>
            <sername>/fgdc:metadata/fgdc:idinfo/fgdc:citation/fgdc:citeinfo/fgdc:serinfo/fgdc:sername</sername>
            <issue>/fgdc:metadata/fgdc:idinfo/fgdc:citation/fgdc:citeinfo/fgdc:serinfo/fgdc:issue</issue>
        </serinfo>
        <pubinfo>
            <pubplace>/fgdc:metadata/fgdc:idinfo/fgdc:citation/fgdc:citeinfo/fgdc:pubinfo/fgdc:pubplace</pubplace>
            <publish>/fgdc:metadata/fgdc:idinfo/fgdc:citation/fgdc:citeinfo/fgdc:pubinfo/fgdc:publish</publish>
        </pubinfo>
        <othercit>/fgdc:metadata/fgdc:idinfo/fgdc:citation/fgdc:citeinfo/fgdc:othercit</othercit>
        <onlink>/fgdc:metadata/fgdc:idinfo/fgdc:citation/fgdc:citeinfo/fgdc:onlink</onlink>
        <lworkcit>
            <citeinfo/>
        </lworkcit>
    </citeinfo>
</citation>

Usage

Usage	Description and Xpath
Citation for resource being documented	/metadata/idinfo/citation/citeinfo
Citation for cross reference.	/metadata/idinfo/crossref/citeinfo
Citation for source used in lineage.	/metadata/dataqual/lineage/srcinfo/srccite/citeinfo

Note: all of these citations can include a citation to a larger work: /metadata/idinfo/citation/citeinfo/lworkcit/citeinfo

Directory Interchange Format (DIF)

The DIF Standard uses two types of citations for the dataset and for references.

Structure

<Data_Set_Citation>
    <Dataset_Creator>/DIF/Data_Set_Citation/Dataset_Creator</Dataset_Creator>
    <Dataset_Editor>/DIF/Data_Set_Citation/Dataset_Editor</Dataset_Editor>
    <Dataset_Title>/DIF/Data_Set_Citation/Dataset_Title</Dataset_Title>
    <Dataset_Series_Name>/DIF/Data_Set_Citation/Dataset_Series_Name</Dataset_Series_Name>
    <Dataset_Release_Date>/DIF/Data_Set_Citation/Dataset_Release_Date</Dataset_Release_Date>
    <Dataset_Release_Place>/DIF/Data_Set_Citation/Dataset_Release_Place</Dataset_Release_Place>
    <Dataset_Publisher>/DIF/Data_Set_Citation/Dataset_Publisher</Dataset_Publisher>
    <Version>/DIF/Data_Set_Citation/Version</Version>
    <Issue_Identification>/DIF/Data_Set_Citation/Issue_Identification</Issue_Identification>
    <Data_Presentation_Form>/DIF/Data_Set_Citation/Data_Presentation_Form</Data_Presentation_Form>
    <Other_Citation_Details>/DIF/Data_Set_Citation/Other_Citation_Details</Other_Citation_Details>
    <Dataset_DOI>/DIF/Data_Set_Citation/Dataset_DOI</Dataset_DOI>
    <Online_Resource>/DIF/Data_Set_Citation/Online_Resource</Online_Resource>
</Data_Set_Citation>

or

<Reference>
    <Author>/DIF/Reference/Author</Author>
    <Publication_Date>/DIF/Reference/Publication_Date</Publication_Date>
    <Title>/DIF/Reference/Title</Title>
    <Series>/DIF/Reference/Series</Series>
    <Edition>/DIF/Reference/Edition</Edition>
    <Volume>/DIF/Reference/Volume</Volume>
    <Issue>/DIF/Reference/Issue</Issue>
    <Report_Number>/DIF/Reference/Report_Number</Report_Number>
    <Publication_Place>/DIF/Reference/Publication_Place</Publication_Place>
    <Publisher>/DIF/Reference/Publisher</Publisher>
    <Pages>/DIF/Reference/Pages</Pages>
    <ISBN>/DIF/Reference/ISBN</ISBN>
    <DOI>/DIF/Reference/DOI</DOI>
    <Online_Resource>/DIF/Reference/Online_Resource</Online_Resource>
    <Other_Reference_Details>/DIF/Reference/Other_Reference_Details</Other_Reference_Details>
</Reference>

EOS Clearinghouse (ECHO)

The ECHO 10 Standard uses an undifferentiated string for resource citation.

Structure

<CitationForExternalPublication>/Collection/CitationForExternalPublication</CitationForExternalPublication>

International Standards Organization (ISO)

Structure

The CI_Citation includes two required and eleven optional elements and introduces several new objects. The CI_Series object gives the name, issue, and page numbers of an article in a periodical. The ISBN and ISSN elements are internationally recognized identifiers for books and periodicals. The MI_Identifier and CI_Date objects are discussed below.

Usage

CI_Citation serves two purposes in the ISO 19115 Standard. First, it gives the information required to cite the data or the service (the resource) that is being described in the metadata. This CI_Citation can be part of the gmd:MD_DataIdentification or srv:ServiceIdentification objects.

Usage

Description and Xpath

Resource Citation

The Resource Citation includes information that should be used when citing the resource that is being described by the metadata record. It includes descriptions of the people involved in the creation of the resource. They usually have roles of originator, author, or principleInvestigator. An important enhancement to the CI_Citation object occured in ISO 19115-1. The enhancement includes the addition of OnlineResource and BrowseGraphic fields which enable online digital resources and graphics to be referenced from the CI_Citation object.  An expanded description is available in the Revisions section of this page. /gmi:MI_Metadata/gmd:identificationInfo/gmd:MD_DataIdentification/gmd:citation or /gmi:MI_Metadata/gmd:identificationInfo/srv:ServiceIdentification/gmd:citation

CI_Citation++

Second, CI_Citations provide information about external references that are related to the resource being described and provide additional documentation. This Figure shows most of the places where CI_Citations occur. Those shown in red were added in ISO 19115-1. In many of these situations the CI_Citation is in an object with a generally small amount of additional annotation information. This additional information is available to the user so they may not need to look up the resource cited in the CI_Citation. These objects are termed CI_Citation++.

The most straightforward member of this group is the MI_Identifier, which includes a code, the identifier, and a CI_Citation for the authority for the code. The MD_Identifier is used throughout the standard to attach a unique identifier to objects, including CI_Citations.

Usage	Description and Xpath
Identifier	The MD_Identifier is the simplest of the CI_Citation++ objects. It includes a code and an authority. The code is an alphanumeric value identifying an object in a namespace that is maintained by the authority. In this case the CI_Citation cites the authority for the code. In many ways this is similar to the namespace for the code. It is the authority which understands and can explain or resolve the code. There is no agreed upon approach for how the namespace is described in the CI_Citation. ISO 19115-1 addresses this limitation by adding a codeSpace field to the MD_Identifier object.  The codeSpace field unambiguously defines the namespace for the identifier. ISO 19115-1 also includes  description and version fields in the MD_Identifier object.    The description field enables a brief description of the code to be documented, and the version field enables the the Identifier version to be documented. //gmd:MD_Identifier
Reference System Identifier	The RS_Identifier extends the MD_Identifier by adding a codeSpace and a version for the namespace. These additions address the lack of an agreed upon approach for describing a namespace using the authority/gco:CI_Citation alone. However, the standard only supports RS_Identifiers in the referenceSystemInfo class. Note: In ISO 19115-1 the RS_Identifier object is replaced with an MD_Identifier object which includes  codeSpace, version and description fields. See the MD_Identifier description above. //gmd:RS_Identifier
Keyword Thesaurus Citation	The MD_Keywords object is similar to an MD_Identifier in that it gives a keyword that is unique in a "namespace" that is maintained by the individual or organization cited in the thesaurusName. In this case, the type codeList is used to group related keywords. Note: In ISO 19115-1, 10 additional GCMD keyword type codes have been added to the codelist.  These codes will help improve consistent data discovery, particularly using faceted searches. /gmi:MI_Metadata/gmd:identificationInfo/gmd:MD_DataIdentification srv:ServiceIdentification/gmd:descriptiveKeywords/gmd:MD_Keywords/gmd:thesaurusName
Algorithm Citation	The Algorithm Citation is straightforward. It includes a description that, like the description in the CI_OnlineResource object, should provide information that identifies the algorithm used to process data so that a user can understand that information without following the citation. The description is similar to an abstract for the algorithm referenced in the CI_Citation. /gmi:MI_Metadata/gmd:dataQualityInfo/gmd:MD_DataQuality/gmd:lineage/gmd:LE_Lineage/gmd:processStep/gmd:LE_ProcessStep/gmd:processingInformation/gmd:LE_Processing/gmd:algorithm/LE_Algorithm/gmd:citation
Conformance Standard Specification Citation	The DQ_ConformanceResult is a good example of including critical information in the standard while referencing an external resource for more information. In this case the critical information is a brief explanation of the conformance test and the result of the test. If a user needs more information about the specifics of the test, they can follow the citation to the specification. /gmi:MI_Metadata/gmd:dataQualityInfo/gmd:MD_DataQuality/gmd:report/gmd:DQ_Element/gmd:result/gmd:DQ_Result/gmd:DQ_ConformanceResult/gmd:specification
Source Citation	LE_Source fields enable the sources utilized to generate a data product to be described and referenced.  Sources are both used and produced by process steps.  Documenting the chain of sources and process steps utilized to generated a data product is an important role of high-quality metadata. /gmi:MI_Metadata/gmd:dataQualityInfo/gmd:MD_DataQuality/gmd:lineage/gmd:LE_Lineage/gmd:source gmd:output/gmd:LE_Source/gmd:sourceCitation
Data Quality Evaluation Procedure Citation	/gmi:MI_Metadata/gmd:dataQualityInfo/gmd:MD_DataQuality/gmd:report/gmd:DQ_Element/gmd:evaluationProcedure
Feature Catalog Citation	/gmi:MI_Metadata/gmd:contentinfo/gmd:MD_ContentInformation/gmd:MD:FeatureCatalogDescription/gmd:featureCatalogueCitation
Application Schema Citation	/gmi:MI_Metadata/gmd:applicationSchemaInfo/gmd:MD_ApplicationSchemaInformation/gmd:name

Revisions

The ISO 19115 CI_Citation object works well for citing physical objects (books, articles, scientific papers, etc), but is not well suited for referencing online digital resources. These important resources can only be associated with a CI_Citation using a rather circuitous path: //gmd:CI_Citation/gmd:citedResponsibleParty/gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty/gmd:contactInfo/gmd:CI_Contact/gmd:onlineResource and it is not at all clear that a URL in the contact information for the citedResponsibleParty is actually the URL for the resource being cited. In short, the ISO 19115 CI_Citation does not work well for citations to online resources.

ISO 19115 -1 has addressed this shortcoming by adding an OnlineResource field to the CI_Citation object. Also included in the 19115-1 revision is the BrowseGraphic field for referencing online images.

Crosswalks

Citations in metadata provide can important information about how users should cite the documented resource. These citations are an important part of the identification information and, as such, they are in a special location in the record. In addition, some dialects include citation to other resources and relevant materials that can not be included in the metadata. General citations to external resources that can occur anywhere in the record are described here.

Concept	Description	Dialect (Fit) Paths
Cited Resource Title	A short description of the (cited) resource.	ADIwg /project/idinfo/citation/citeinfo/title DIF /dif9:DIF/dif9:Reference/dif9:Title DCAT /dct:title ISO //gmd:CI_Citation/gmd:title/gco:CharacterString ISO-1 //cit:CI_Citation/cit:title/gco:CharacterString SERF /serf:SERF/serf:Entry_Title
Cited Resource Alternate Title	Alternate title of the cited resource	ISO //gmd:CI_Citation/gmd:alternateTitle/gco:CharacterString ISO-1 //cit:CI_Citation/cit:alternateTitle/gco:CharacterString
Cited Resource Identifier	Identifier for the cited resource	DIF /dif9:DIF/dif9:Reference/dif9:DOI DIF /dif9:DIF/dif9:Data_Set_Citation/dif9:Dataset_DOI DCAT /dct:identifier ISO //gmd:CI_Citation/gmd:identifier/gmd:MD_Identifier/gmd:code/gco:CharacterString ISO-1 //cit:CI_Citation/cit:identifier/cit:MD_Identifier/cit:code SERF /dif9:DIF/dif9:Data_Set_Citation/dif9:Dataset_DOI
Author	Author of the cited resource	DIF /dif9:DIF/dif9:Data_Set_Citation/dif9:Dataset_Creator DIF /dif9:DIF/dif9:Reference/dif9:Author Dryad dcterms:creator EML concat(/eml:dataset/eml:creator/eml:individualName/eml:surName/eml:text,/eml:dataset/eml:creator/eml:individualName/eml:givenName/eml:text) FGDC /fgdc:metadata/fgdc:idinfo/fgdc:citation/fgdc:citeinfo/fgdc:origin HDF5.1 /hdf5:HDF5-File/hdf5:RootGroup/hdf5:Group[@Name='METADATA']/hdf5:Group[@Name='COLLECTIONMETADATA']/hdf5:Group[@Name='ContactOrganization']/hdf5:Group[@Name='Data_Originator'] ISO //gmd:CI_Citation/gmd:citedResponsibleParty/gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty[normalize-space(gmd:role/gmd:CI_RoleCode)='author']/gmd:individualName/gco:CharacterString ISO-1 //cit:CI_Citation/cit:citedResponsibleParty/cit:CI_Responsibility[normalize-space(cit:Role/cit:CI_RoleCode)='author']/cit:party/cit:CI_Individual/cit:name/gco:CharacterString netCDF /nc:netcdf/nc:attribute[@nc:name=creator_name]/@nc:value
Author / Originator World Wide Web Address	The World Wide Web mail address of the principal author of the cited resource	ISO //gmd:CI_Citation/gmd:citedResponsibleParty/gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty[normalize-space(gmd:role/gmd:CI_RoleCode)='author']/gmd:contactInfo/gmd:CI_Contact/gmd:onlineResource/gmd:CI_OnlineResource/gmd:linkage/gmd:URL ISO-1 //cit:CI_Citation/cit:citedResponsibleParty/cit:CI_Responsibility[normalize-space(cit:Role/cit:CI_RoleCode)='publisher']/cit:party/cit:CI_Organisation/cit:contactInfo/cit:CI_Contact/cit:onlineResource/cit:CI_OnlineResource/cit:linkage THREDDS //thredds:dataset/thredds:creator/thredds:contact/@url netCDF /nc:netcdf/nc:attribute[@nc:name=creator_url]/@nc:value
Editor	Editor of the cited resource	DIF /dif9:DIF/dif9:Data_Set_Citation/dif9:Dataset_Editor ISO //gmd:CI_Citation/gmd:citedResponsibleParty/gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty[normalize-space(gmd:role/gmd:CI_RoleCode)='editor']/gmd:organisationName/gco:CharacterString ISO-1 //cit:CI_Citation/cit:citedResponsibleParty/cit:CI_Responsibility[normalize-space(cit:role/cit:CI_RoleCode)='editor']/cit:party/cit:CI_Individual/cit:name/gco:CharacterString
Series Title	Title of a series that includes the cited resource	DIF /dif9:DIF/dif9:Data_Set_Citation/dif9:Dataset_Series_Name DIF /dif9:DIF/dif9:Reference/dif9:Series ISO //gmd:CI_Citation/gmd:collectiveTitle/gco:CharacterString ISO //gmd:CI_Citation/gmd:series/gmd:CI_Series/gmd:name/gco:CharacterString ISO-1 //cit:CI_Citation/cit:series/cit:CI_Series/cit:name/gco:CharacterString
Publication Date	Date of publication of the cited resource	DIF /dif9:DIF/dif9:Data_Set_Citation/dif9:Dataset_Release_Date DIF /dif9:DIF/dif9:Reference/dif9:Publication_Date DCAT /dct:issued Dryad dcterms:dateSubmitted ECHO /*/echo:InsertTime ECS /*ecs:CitationforExternalPublication EML /eml:dataset/eml:pubDate/eml:text FGDC /fgdc:metadata/fgdc:idinfo/fgdc:citation/fgdc:citeinfo/fgdc:pubdate ISO //gmd:CI_Citation/gmd:date/gmd:CI_Date[normalize-space(gmd:dateType/gmd:CI_DateTypeCode)='publication']/gmd:date/gco:Date ISO //gmd:CI_Citation/gmd:date/gmd:CI_Date[normalize-space(gmd:dateType/gmd:CI_DateTypeCode)='publication']/gmd:date/gco:DateTime ISO-1 //cit:CI_Citation/cit:date/cit:CI_Date[cit:dateType/cit:CI_DateTypeCode)='publication']/cit:date/gco:DateTime
Revision Date	Date of revision of the cited resource	ISO //gmd:CI_Citation/gmd:date/gmd:CI_Date[normalize-space(gmd:dateType/gmd:CI_DateTypeCode)='revision']/gmd:date/gco:Date ISO //gmd:CI_Citation/gmd:date/gmd:CI_Date[normalize-space(gmd:dateType/gmd:CI_DateTypeCode)='revision']/gmd:date/gco:DateTime ISO-1 //cit:CI_Citation/cit:date/cit:CI_Date[normalize-space(cit:dateType/cit:CI_DateTypeCode)='revision']/cit:date/gco:Date ISO-1 //cit:CI_Citation/cit:date/cit:CI_Date[normalize-space(cit:dateType/cit:CI_DateTypeCode)='revision']/cit:date/gco:DateTime
Creation Date	Date of creation of the cited resource	DIF /dif9:DIF_Creation_Date ISO //gmd:CI_Citation/gmd:date/gmd:CI_Date[normalize-space(gmd:dateType/gmd:CI_DateTypeCode)='creation']/gmd:date/gco:Date ISO //gmd:CI_Citation/gmd:date/gmd:CI_Date[normalize-space(gmd:dateType/gmd:CI_DateTypeCode)='creation']/gmd:date/gco:DateTime ISO-1 //cit:CI_Citation/cit:date/cit:CI_Date[normalize-space(cit:dateType/cit:CI_DateTypeCode)='creation']/cit:date/gco:DateTime SERF /serf:SERF_Creation_Date netCDF /nc:netcdf/nc:attribute[@nc:name=date_created]/@nc:value
Publisher	Publisher of the cited resource	DIF /dif9:DIF/dif9:Data_Set_Citation/dif9:Dataset_Publisher DIF /dif9:DIF/dif9:Reference/dif9:Publisher DCAT /dct:publisher FGDC /fgdc:metadata/fgdc:idinfo/fgdc:citation/fgdc:citeinfo/fgdc:pubinfo/fgdc:publish HDF5.1 /hdf5:HDF5-File/hdf5:RootGroup/hdf5:Attribute[@Name='publisher']/hdf5:Data/hdf5:DataFromFile ISO //gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty[normalize-space(gmd:role/gmd:CI_RoleCode)='publisher']/gmd:organisationName/gco:CharacterString ISO-1 //cit:CI_Responsibility[normalize-space(cit:role/cit:CI_RoleCode)='publisher']/cit:party/cit:CI_Organisation/cit:name/gco:CharacterString THREDDS //thredds:dataset/thredds:publisher/thredds:name THREDDS //thredds:metadata/thredds:publisher/thredds:name netCDF /nc:netcdf/nc:attribute[@nc:name=publisher_name]/@nc:value
Publisher Location	Place of publication of the cited resource	DIF /dif9:DIF/dif9:Reference/dif9:Publication_Place FGDC /fgdc:metadata/fgdc:idinfo/fgdc:citation/fgdc:citeinfo/fgdc:pubinfo/fgdc:pubplace ISO //gmd:CI_Citation/gmd:citedResponsibleParty/gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty[gmd:role/gmd:CI_RoleCode ='publisher']/gmd:contactInfo/gmd:CI_Contact/gmd:address/gmd:CI_Address ISO-1 //cit:CI_Citation/cit:citedResponsibleParty/cit:CI_Responsibility[cit:role/cit:CI_RoleCode ='publisher]/cit:party/cit:CI_Organisation/cit:contactInfo/cit:CI_Contact/cit:address/cit:CI_Address/cit:city/gco:CharacterString
Publisher URL	World Wide Web address associated with the publisher of the cited resource	DIF /dif9:DIF/dif9:Reference/dif9:Publication_Place HDF5.1 /hdf5:HDF5-File/hdf5:RootGroup/hdf5:Attribute[@Name='publisher_url']/hdf5:Data/hdf5:DataFromFile ISO //gmd:CI_Citation/gmd:citedResponsibleParty/gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty[gmd:role/gmd:CI_RoleCode ='publisher']/gmd:contactInfo/gmd:CI_Contact/gmd:onlineResource/gmd:CI_OnlineResource/gmd:linkage/gmd:URL ISO-1 //cit:CI_Citation/cit:citedResponsibleParty/cit:CI_Responsibility[cit:role/cit:CI_RoleCode ='publisher']/cit:party/*/cit:contactInfo/cit:CI_Contact/cit:onlineResource/cit:CI_OnlineResource/cit:linkage/gco:CharacterString THREDDS //thredds:metadata/thredds:publisher/thredds:contact/@url THREDDS //thredds:dataset/thredds:publisher/thredds:contact/@url netCDF /nc:netcdf/nc:attribute[@nc:name=publisher_url]/@nc:value
Publisher E-Mail	Email associated with the publisher of the cited resource	DIF /dif9:DIF/dif9:Reference/dif9:Publication_Place HDF5.1 /hdf5:HDF5-File/hdf5:RootGroup/hdf5:Attribute[@Name='publisher_email']/hdf5:Data/hdf5:DataFromFile ISO //gmd:CI_Citation/gmd:citedResponsibleParty/gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty[gmd:role/gmd:CI_RoleCode ='publisher']/gmd:contactInfo/gmd:address/gmd:CI_Address/gmd:electronicMailAddress/gco:CharacterString ISO-1 //cit:CI_Citation/cit:citedResponsibleParty/cit:CI_Responsibility[cit:role/cit:CI_RoleCode ='publisher']/cit:party/*/cit:contactInfo/cit:CI_Contact/cit:address/cit:CI_Address/cit:electronicMailAddress/gco:CharacterString THREDDS //thredds:metadata/thredds:publisher/thredds:contact/@email THREDDS //thredds:dataset/thredds:publisher/thredds:contact/@email netCDF /nc:netcdf/nc:attribute[@nc:name=publisher_email]/@nc:value
Resource Version	Version of the cited resource	DIF /dif9:DIF/dif9:Data_Set_Citation/dif9:Dataset_Version DIF /dif9:DIF/dif9:Reference/dif9:Edition ECHO /*/echo:VersionId ECS /*/ecs:VersionId HDF5.1 /hdf5:HDF5-File/hdf5:RootGroup/hdf5:Group[@Name='METADATA']/hdf5:Group[@Name='COLLECTIONMETADATA']/hdf5:Attribute[@Name='VersionID']/hdf5:Data/hdf5:DataFromFile ISO /*/gmd:identificationInfo/gmd:MD_DataIdentification/gmd:citation/gmd:CI_Citation/gmd:edition/gco:CharacterString ISO-1 /mdb:MD_Metadata/mdb:identificationInfo/mri:MD_DataIdentification/mri:citation/cit:CI_Citation/cit:edition/gco:CharacterString
Version Date	Date of the version of the cited resource	DIF /dif9:DIF/dif9:Data_Set_Citation/dif9:Dataset_Version DIF /dif9:DIF/dif9:Reference/dif9:Edition FGDC /fgdc:metadata/fgdc:idinfo/fgdc:citeinfo/fgdc:edition FGDC /fgdc:metadata/fgdc:idinfo/fgdc:citeinfo/fgdc:pubdate ISO //gmd:CI_Citation/gmd:editionDate/gco:DateTime ISO-1 //cit:CI_Citation/cit:editionDate/gco:DateTime
Volume	Volume of the cited resource	DIF /dif9:DIF/dif9:Reference/dif9:Volume
Issue	Issue of the cited resource	DIF /dif9:DIF/dif9:Reference/dif9:Issue ISO //gmd:CI_Citation/gmd:series/gmd:CI_Series/gmd:issueIdentification:/gco:CharacterString
Pages	Pages of the cited resource	DIF /dif9:DIF/dif9:Reference/dif9:Pages ISO //gmd:CI_Citation/gmd:series/gmd:CI_Series/gmd:page/gco:CharacterString
ISBN	International Standard Book Number (ISBN) of the cited resource	DIF /dif9:DIF/dif9:Reference/dif9:ISBN ISO //gmd:CI_Citation/gmd:ISBN ISO-1 //cit:CI_Citation/cit:ISBN/gco:CharacterString
ISSN	International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) of the cited resource	ISO //gmd:CI_Citation/gmd:ISSN ISO-1 //cit:CI_Citation/cit:ISSN/gco:CharacterString
Report Number	Report number of the cited resource	DIF /dif9:DIF/dif9:Reference/dif9:Report_Number
Other Citation Details	Other information about the cited resource	DIF /dif9:DIF/dif9:Reference/dif9:Other_Reference_Details DIF /dif9:DIF/dif9:Data_Set_Citation/dif9:Other_Citation_Details EML /eml:dataset/eml:creator/eml:individualName/eml:surName/eml:text ISO //gmd:CI_Citation/gmd:otherCitationDetails/gco:CharacterString ISO-1 //cit:CI_Citation/cit:otherCitationDetails/gco:CharacterString
Presentation Form	Form of the cited resource	DIF /dif9:DIF/dif9:Reference/dif9:Data_Presentation_Form FGDC /fgdc:digform/fgdc:digtinfo/fgdc:formname FGDC /fgdc:idinfo/fgdc:citation/fgdc:citeinfo/fgdc:geoform ISO //gmd:CI_Citation/gmd:presentationForm/CI_PresentationFormCode ISO-1 //cit:CI_Citation/cit:presentationForm/cit:CI_PresentationFormCode
Online Resource	Online Resource for the cited resource	ADIwg /adiwg:project/adiwg:idinfo/adiwg:citation/adiwg:citeinfo/adiwg:onlink DIF /dif9:DIF/dif9:Data_Set_Citation/dif9:Online_Resource DIF /dif9:DIF/dif9:Reference/dif9:Online_Resource ECHO /echo:OnlineResources/echo:OnlineResource/echo:URL ISO //gmd:CI_Citation/gmd:citedResponsibleParty/gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty/gmd:contactInfo/gmd:CI_Contact/gmd:onlineResource/gmd:CI_OnlineResource ISO-1 //cit:CI_Citation/cit:onlineResource/cit:CI_OnlineResource THREDDS //thredds:dataset/thredds:documentation/@xlink:href
Complete Citation	Complete citation for the resource as a text blob.	ECHO /*/echo:CitationForExternalPublication ECS /*/ecs:CitationforExternalPublication HDF5.1 /hdf5:HDF5-File/hdf5:RootGroup/hdf5:Attribute[@Name='CitationforExternalPublication']/hdf5:Data/hdf5:DataFromFile
Resource Citation	Citation for the resource.	FGDC /fgdc:metadata/fgdc:idinfo/fgdc:citation/fgdc:citeinfo ISO /*/gmd:identificationInfo/gmd:MD_DataIdentification/gmd:citation/gmd:CI_Citation ISO-1 /mdb:MD_Metadata/mdb:identificationInfo/srv:SV_ServiceIdentification/mri:citation/cit:CI_Citation SERF /serf:SERF/serf:Service_Citation

xPath Note: The xPaths included in this table use several wildcards. // means any path, so //gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty indicates a gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty anywhere in an XML file. /*/ indicates a single level with several possible elements. This usually indicates one of several concrete realizations of an abstract object. For example /*/gmd:identificationInfo could be gmd:MD_Metadata/gmd:identificationInfo or gmi:MI_Metadata/gmd:identificationInfo and gmd:identificationInfo//*/gmd:descriptiveKeywords could be gmd:identificationInfo/gmd:MD_DataIdentification/gmd:descriptiveKeywords or gmd:identificationInfo/srv:SV_ServiceIdentification/gmd:descriptiveKeywords.

Notes

CodeLists as Types

As described earlier, codeLists provide shared vocabularies throughout the ISO Standard. The fact that these vocabularies are shared makes it possible to use them as well known tags for content in the standard. An excellent example of this occurs in the CI_Date object that gives dates for CI_Citations. That object includes a date string and the CI_DateTypeCode codeList that can be either creation, publication, or revision. This single date, along with the codeList, covers three common types of dates that are required in citations. Contrast this with the editionDate attribute that is a single date the purpose of which is expressed in the name of the attribute rather than with a tag.