Edit GEO User Requirement Document: Craig: Air pollution and public health: a guidance document for risk managers - Google Scholar

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Document Region:	International Africa Asia, Non-Southeast Asia, Southeast Europe North America Oceania/Australia Polar Region South America
Observation Type:	Emission Transport Ambient Health
Observation Need:	Emission Transport Ambient Health Weather Satellites Models
Parameters:	SO2 NO2 NOx CO O3 VOC PM10 PM2.5 Lead Aer. Carbon TSP AOD HNO3 POPs HCHO AQI Weather RH T Precipitation Wind Speed Clouds Demographic Topography PBL Pressure Surface rough Albedo Economics Photosynthetic activity Leaf Area Index Solar Radiation Land use(rural) Soil moisture Land Cover Turbulence Params
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Document Description:	This guidance document is a reference for air quality policymakers and managers providing state-of-the-art, evidence-based information on key determinants of air quality management decisions. The document reflects the findings of five annual meetings of the NERAM (Network for Environmental Risk Assessment and Management) International Colloquium Series on Air Quality Management (2001–2006), as well as the results of supporting international research. The topics covered in the guidance document reflect critical science and policy aspects of air quality risk management including i) health effects, ii) air quality emissions, measurement and modeling, iii) air quality management interventions, and iv) clean air policy challenges and opportunities.

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Satellite: 
At present AQ models only assimilate surface observations,
but approaches for “chemical data assimilation” are undergoing
considerable research and development (Ménard, personal
communication). The long-term goal is to begin utilizing
observations from satellites and possibly other irregular
sources of information (e.g., aircraft). The most advanced satellite
instrument is OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) on the
Aura spacecraft, which was launched in 2004 (Schoeberl et al.,
2004). In terms of the common air pollutants, daily, 13 × 24 km
resolution observations for O3, NO2, SO2 and aerosols are
being measured. Devising the appropriate procedures for
assimilating and/or interpreting such data presents a significant
scientific challenge. Even with a satellite such as Aura,
observations are available, at best, once per day if no clouds
obscure the measurements.

Research is needed to further
improve the processing of satellite data from the raw signals and
from other supporting data (e.g., correcting for clouds and variations
in surface albedo) and then in deriving boundary-layer and/or
surface concentrations, as well as vertical profiles. The latter of
these requires, in itself, the combined use of AQ and meteorological
models and surface observations.
Nonetheless, satellite data represents a valuable source of
information because it is freely available and provides global
coverage: Air pollutant information can be obtained where no
monitoring exists. In addition to the initialization of AQ models,
the spatial patterns derived from satellite observations (i.e.,
across days, weeks, or months) are well suited to determining,
in an internally consistent manner, gradients in chronic exposure
across large regions and among different countries. Thus far,
aerosol observations (PM2.5) have received the most attention
for this purpose (e.g., Liu et al., 2005).

[[Category:CandidateDoc]][[Category:CitedDoc]]
[[Category:Satellite]]

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Edit GEO User Requirement Document: Craig: Air pollution and public health: a guidance document for risk managers - Google Scholar

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